Calidad de vida y su relación con la percepción de estrés y el perfil antropométrico en mujeres adultas / Quality of life and its relationship to stress perception and anthropometric profile in adult women

La perimenopausia produce cambios hormonales y emocionales, que podrían influir en la calidad de vida como en la percepción de estrés de las mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de vida y su relación con la percepción de estrés y el perfil antropométrico en mujeres adultas. Se efectuó un estudio transversal en mujeres adultas (40-65 años) que concurrieron a la Fundación Hemocentro Buenos Aires (FHBA). El estado nutricional se evaluó con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y circunferencia de cintura (CC). La calidad de vida se valoró mediante el cuestionario de calidad de vida (CV) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHOQoL-Bref). La percepción de estrés (PS) se valoró por escala de estrés percibido (PSS-10). Se incluyeron 128 mujeres (52,3% premenopáusicas y 47,7 % posmenopáusicas). El 56,3% refirió tener una CV entre bastante buena y muy buena. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 60,2% (IC 95%; 51,5 - 68,2%). La percepción de CV se asoció inversamente al IMC (p= 0,0031) al igual que los dominios físico (p= 0,016) y psicológico de CV (p= 0,001). Asimismo, la PS se asoció de manera inversa a la precepción de CV (p= 0,008) y los cuatro dominios de CV.

Perimenopause produces hormonal and emotional changes, which could influence quality of life as well as stress perception in women. The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of life and its relationship with stress perception and anthropometric profile in adult women. A cross-sectional study was carried out in adult women (40-65 years old) who attended the Fundación Hemocentro Buenos Aires. Nutritional status was evaluated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. Perception of stress was assessed by the perceived stress scale (PSS-10). We included 128 women (52.3% premenopausal and 47.7% postmenopausal). Over half (56.3%) reported having a quality of life between fairly good and very good. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 60.2% (95% CI, 51.5 - 68.2%). The perception of quality of life was inversely associated to the BMI (p= 0.0031) as well as the physical (p= 0.016) and psychological domains of quality of life (p= 0.001). Similarly, perceived stress was associated inversely with the quality of life perception (p= 0.008) and the four quality of life domains.

Relevancia de la menopausia y del apoyo social en las diferencias en salud entre mujeres y hombres / Relevance of the Menopause and Social Support in Gender Differences in Health

RESUMEN Se analizó la relevancia de la menopausia y el apoyo social en las diferencias en salud entre mujeres y hombres mediante un estudio transversal realizado con 710 mujeres y 606 hombres de la población general española con edades entre 20 y 65 años. Se encontró que, aunque en la juventud apenas había diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, a partir de la perimenopausia las mujeres informaban de más insomnio y síntomas vasomotores que los hombres, así como de más dolor durante la postmenopausia. El apoyo social percibido se asociaba con mejor salud, sobre todo en las mujeres en postmenopausia y premenopausia.

ABSTRACT This study examined the relevance of the menopause and social support in gender differences in health. A cross-sectional survey of a general population sample comprising 710 women and 606 men, aged between 20 and 65 was carried out. No health differences were found between younger men and women. However, perimenopausal women reported more insomnia and vasomotor symptoms, as well as they reported more pain than men through the postmenopause. Perceived social support was associated with better health, especially in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Satisfacción personal de la mujer de edad mediana y su relación con otros factores de la vida cotidiana / Self-satisfaction of the mean age woman and its relation to other factors of daily life

Introducción: la llamada edad mediana, dentro del período climatérico, abarca desde los 40 hasta los 59 años de edad, etapa durante la cual se realiza esta investigación. La satisfacción personal en mujeres de edad mediana puede adquirir una expresión particular en el punto medio de la vida. Este es un proceso de revalorización de la propia vida, que muchos la describen como la segunda crisis de identidad. Objetivo: caracterizar la satisfacción personal de la mujer de edad mediana y analizar cómo repercute en su calidad de vida, al interactuar con otros factores de la vida cotidiana. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de 166 mujeres climatéricas pertenecientes a 3 consultorios médicos del Policlínico Universitario Ana Betancourt, del municipio Playa en La Habana, en el período comprendido entre abril del año 2010 y marzo del 2011...

Introduction: the called middle age during the climateric period covers from the 40 until the 50 years old, stage in which this research is conducted. The personal satisfaction in middle age women may becomes a particular expression in the middle point of life. This is a process of revaluation of the own life described by many people like the second crisis of identity. Objective: to characterize the personal satisfaction of the middle age woman and to analyze the repercussion in its quality of life due to its interaction with other factors of the daily life. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 166 climateric women from three medical consulting room of the Ana Betancourt University Polyclinic of the Playa municipality in a Habana from April, 2010 to March, 2011...

Bases neurobiológicas de vulnerabilidad psiquiátrica a lo largo de las etapas de la vida hormonal de la mujer / Neurobiological bases of psychiatric vulnerability through the female hormonal stages

Women are about twice more likely than men to suffer from depression, it has been hypothesized that reproductive events (i.e., premenstrual, pre and postpartum, menopausal transition) may represent vulnerability periods for depression, in part because of a heightened sensitivity to intense hormonal fluctuations. 1) Most women report physical or emotional symptoms premenstrually, some being severe enough to be diagnosed as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD); some recent studies suggest that PMDD is biologically different from major depression; 2) While pregnancy does not increase the risk for depression, women with a past history of depression are at risk for recurrent episodes or relapse if antidepressant medications are discontinued; 3) Hormonal changes during the postpartum period may trigger symptoms of postpartum depression; 4) Almost half of perimenopausal women are clinically depressed, and over a third experience their first episode of depression in the perimenopausal period. The increase in major depressive episodes during this period has been linked to erratic gonadal hormonal changes.

Las mujeres poseen alrededor del doble de posibilidades que los hombres de sufrir depresión. Se ha planteado como hipótesis que los eventos reproductivos (ej. premenstrual, pre y postparto, transición menopáusica) pueden representar periodos de vulnerabilidad para la depresión, en parte, debido a la elevada sensibilidad a las intensas fluctuaciones hormonales. 1) La mayoría de las mujeres informan síntomas físicos o emocionales premenstruales, siendo algunos suficientemente severos para ser diagnosticados como trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM); algunos estudios recientes sugieren que el TDPM es biológicamente diferente de la depresión mayor; 2) Mientras que el embarazo no aumenta el riesgo para la depresión, las mujeres con una historia pasada de depresión están en riesgo para episodios recurrentes o recaída si se discontinúan los medicamentos antidepresivos; 3) Los cambios hormonales durante el período del postparto pueden gatillar síntomas de depresión postparto; 4) Casi la mitad de las mujeres perimenopáusicas están clínicamente deprimidas y sobre un tercio experimenta su primer episodio de depresión en el período perimenopáusico. El aumento de los episodios depresivos mayores durante este período se ha relacionado con cambios erráticos de las hormonas gonadales.

Depressão e ansiedade em mulheres climatéricas: fatores associados / Depression and anxiety in menopausal women: associated factors

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de depressão e ansiedade em mulheres climatéricas e os prováveis fatores responsáveis por sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: em estudo transversal, foram selecionadas 93 mulheres que frequentaram um ambulatório de climatério no período de maio de 2006 a agosto de 2007. Como critério de inclusão foram consideradas mulheres na faixa etária de 40 a 65 anos e que concordaram em participar do projeto. Os critérios de exclusão foram: pacientes em uso de terapia hormonal, hormonioterapia por implantes, DIUs e injetáveis de depósito nos últimos seis meses, endocrinopatias que levassem a irregularidades menstruais, hepatopatias, coagulopatias, uso de drogas que interferissem no ciclo menstrual, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos (pois o uso dessas drogas era indicativo de diagnóstico prévio de alterações do humor), histerectomizadas, ooforectomizadas, portadoras de câncer e de enfermidades psiquiátricas, pacientes que tivessem sido submetidas à radioterapia ou quimioterapia. Foram aplicados quatro questionários durante a entrevista: Anamnese, contendo dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e hábitos de vida; Índice Menopausal de Blatt-Kupperman, com o objetivo de diagnosticar as pacientes portadoras de síndrome climatérica; a subescala para Ansiedade, derivada da escala Hospitalar para Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS-A), com a finalidade de diagnosticar os casos de Ansiedade e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck, com o intuito de diagnosticar as mulheres portadoras de depressão. Foram realizadas as análises descritivas e de correlação entre as variáveis; o teste do χ2 e de Hosmer-Lemeshow, usando o programa Software Statistica versão 6. RESULTADOS: a média de prevalência de depressão entre as pacientes avaliadas foi de 36,8 por cento enquanto que da ansiedade foi de 53,7 por cento. Não houve diferença significativa entre a prevalência de depressão e ansiedade e as três fases do climatério. Observou-se relação significativa entre...

PURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in climacteric women and the probable factors responsible for its occurrence. METHODS: a transversal study that has selected 93 women attended at a climacteric outpatient clinic, from May 2006 to August 2007. Inclusion criteria were: women from 40 to 65 years old who agreed with participating in the project. Exclusion criteria: patients in hormonal therapy, hormone-therapy by implant, DIUs and depo injections in the preceding six months, endocrinopathies leading to menstrual irregularities, hepatopathies, thrombopathies, use of drugs which interfere in the menstrual cycle, anxiolytics and antidepressants (as their use indicates previous diagnosis of mood disorders), hysterectomy, oophorectomy, cancer or psychiatric disease, and patients who had been submitted to radio or chemotherapy. During the interview, four questionnaires were applied: Anamnesis, containing socio-demographic, clinical and living habits data; Blatt-Kupperman's Menopausal Index for climacteric syndrome diagnosis; Anxiety sub-scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS-A) for anxiety diagnosis; and Beck's Depression Inventory for the diagnosis of depression. Descriptive and correlation analysis among the variables, χ2 and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests were performed using the Statistica Software program, version 6. RESULTS: the average depression prevalence among the patients was 36.8 percent, while that of anxiety was 53.7 percent. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the three phases of climacterium. There was a significant relationship between the presence of moderate climacteric symptoms and the presence of mood alterations (p<0.001). Depression was more frequent in women with anxiety (OR=4.2) and insomnia (OR=4.9), having a job being a protection factor (OR=0.2). Risk factors related to anxiety were the presence of depression (OR=6.1) and antecedents...

Health Perception, Body Image, Sexual Function and Depression in Menopausal Women according to Menopausal Stages / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of health perception, body image and sexual function on depression according to the menopausal stage in Korean middle aged women. METHODS: Subjects were 182 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy. A five-item General HealthShort Form (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire (Ware and Sherbourne, 1992) was used to measure health perception. Body image was measured Semantic Differential scale, CES-D was used to measure the level of depression, and sexual function was measured by FSFI. RESULTS: The subjects rated their health as 'moderate', their body image as 'moderate, and level of depression as 'high'. However, there were no significant differences in health perception, body image, and depression between perimenopasual and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women experienced lower levels of sexual function than perimenopausal women in sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. In stepwise regression analysis, 21.7% of variance in depression was shown to be perceived health and body image in postmenopausal women. However, in perimenopausal women, perceived health and sexual function explained 34.5% of variance in depression. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that nurses must consider the menopasusal stage when counseling their patients.